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  • Louis Anquetin
    Jan 26, 1861 - Aug 19, 1932
  • Portrait de Juliette Vary - Louis Anquetin was a French painter noted for his association with the Post-Impressionist movement and for his works depicting scenes of Paris at night done in the Cloisonnism style. Anquetin was considered the greatest artist of the 19th century. His was one of the founders of Synthetism. Most of the painter’s works are canvases depicting female figures inside or on the street.
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Portrait de Juliette Vary
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  • Portrait de Juliette Vary

  • Louis Anquetin
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  • circa 1890
    watercolor and inkwash over pencil on paper
    32.75 x 24 in. (83.2 x 60.9 cm.)
    Private collection, Paris.

    While living in Paris during the mid-1880s, in conversations with his brother Théo, Vincent van Gogh coined the term “painters of the petit boulevard.” He was referring to up and coming artists like himself, who were experimenting with Neo-Impressionism and other avant-garde techniques, and who featured subjects from contemporary city life. Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley—the established Impressionists—were the masters of the grand boulevard; their dealers, Georges Petit and Paul Durand-Ruel, had galleries located on the large thoroughfares in the center of Paris. Among the painters of the petit boulevard, Van Gogh included his friends Emile Bernard, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Anquetin, all of whom had studied at Fernand Cormon's atelier in Montmartre.

    During the late 1880s and early 1890s, Anquetin stood out from this group. John Rewald has noted that “his friends, especially Lautrec, admired the ease and forcefulness with which he expressed himself as an artist, as well as the passion with which he set out to invent painting all over again. Lautrec went so far as to say that since Manet no painter had been so richly gifted as Anquetin” (Post-Impressionism, New York, 1978, pp. 29-30). Anquetin was not yet thirty when he made his own distinctive and innovative contribution to modernism. In an essay in the 1 March 1888 issue of La Revue Indépendante, the critic Edouard Dujardin pointed out “a rather new and novel manner” that he had detected in the recent work of his friend Anquetin: “At first sight, his works proclaim the idea of decorative painting: traced outlines along with strong and fixed colouration...Outline, in quasi-abstract sign, gives the character of the object, unity of colour determines the atmosphere, fixes the sensation” (quoted in B. Welsh-Ocharov, Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism, exh. cat., Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 1981, p. 23).

    Anquetin painted Portrait de Juliette Vary during this landmark period in the development of Post-Impressionist modernism. However, his position as a leading modernist lasted only a few years. In 1892, he began to study the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Titian and Tintoretto, which inspired him to undertake what he called his retour au métier, a return to traditional craftsmanship in painting. His friend Bernard also turned to pursue a similar, conservative path during this time. Anquetin nonetheless continued to show with the Groupe Impressionniste et Synthétiste. He remained a close friend of Lautrec, with whom he often shared a table, as well as his unstinting attraction to the petit boulevard and Montmartre night life. Anquetin would likely have met Hélène "Juliette" Vary through Lautrec, who had depicted a series of portraits of the attractive young woman around 1888; as Lautrec was struck by his neighbor's beauty, so too was Anquetin. According to Richard Thompson: "He too set her in half-length and in profile, but this time stripped to the waist and seen against a lurid wallpaper. It is a frank image of sexual display, and critics at the 1891 Indépendants greeted in with pawing prose. Anquetin's somewhat exploitative painting throws us back to Lautrec's, with its almost prim demenanor now besmirched. Between them, the two paintings play with that decadent cocktail of propriety, sexuality and hypocrisy" ("Introducing Montmartre," Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre, exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 2005, p. 69).

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Other paintings by Louis Anquetin:

Portrait d'Arsene Alexandre
Portrait d'Arsene Alexandre
Portrait d'Aristide Marie
Portrait d'Aristide Marie
Portrait de Lili Grenier
Portrait de Lili Grenier
Portrait de Madeleine Bernard
Portrait de Madeleine Bernard
Louis AnquetinLouis Anquetin was a French painter noted for his association with the Post-Impressionist movement and for his works depicting scenes of Paris at night done in the Cloisonnism style. Anquetin took art lessons from French painters Léon Bonnat and Fernand Cormon and worked closely and exhibited with noted artists like Émile Bernard, Vincent van Gogh, Charles Angrand, Camille Pissarro, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, Paul Gauguin and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Although Anquetin remained active in the Impressionist movement of the time, he became interested in the works of Flemish masters in his later years. He along with Bernard came up with a post-Impressionist painting style called cloisonnism that was inspired by stained glass and Japanese ukiyo-e art and includes use of bold and flat forms separated by thick dark contours. L’Avenue de Clichy, an early work of Anquetin, was inspired by Japanese ukiyo-e prints. His popularity however waned after he abandoned the modern movements and took to studying the methods of Old Masters. His works such as Rinaldo and Armida done after the mid-1890s were particularly Rubensian and allegorical in nature. He also wrote a book on Rubens later in his life.