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  • Sir John Lavery
    Mar 20, 1856 - Jan 10, 1941
  • The Green Hammock - Sir John Lavery was an Irish painter best known for his portraits. One of the greatest painters of the late 19th and 20th centuries. During the First World War Lavery was an Official War Artist, and the Imperial War Museum has examples of his work. A portrait of Sybil Sassoon by Lavery is in the Southampton gallery. He donated 39 paintings to what is now the Ulster Museum, Belfast, Ireland.
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The Green Hammock
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  • The Green Hammock

  • Sir John Lavery
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  • circa 1905
    Oil on canvas-board
    Private collection.

    In 1884, when he was working at the artists' colony at Grez-sur-Loing near Fontainebleau, the young John Lavery painted an unknown woman resting in a hammock slung between trees close to the river. While the 'lilies and languors' of the Pre-Raphaelites were rigorously excluded from his work, the picture nevertheless captured that sense of dolce far niente, of beautiful youth and summer's luxuriance. It was a theme borrowed from James Tissot and Edward John Gregory that remained with him for the rest of his life.

    Although a number of other less successful sketches of hammocks were painted after his return to Glasgow, Lavery's most important essays on the subject began around 1902 and involved his British and German models, Nora Johnson and Mary Auras. Nora for instance posed for a large composition, 65 x 76? inches, known initially as The Hammock, circa 1903, and this was sold in 1906 to the Mannheim Kunsthalle (now unlocated).

    De-accessioned after the Great War, it has since disappeared, but from a surviving illustration, it shows a young woman dressed in white, reading a book by the side of the pond at Ranelagh Gardens, one of Lavery's favourite London haunts in the early years of the century. Seen in profile, Nora's head and shoulders are placed on the left of the picture, as in a group of sketches of which the present is the best surviving example. These were mostly painted on standard 10 x 14 inch canvas-boards - as in the present case while a slightly larger 12 x 14 inch version, sold to James Staats Forbes while Lavery was still working on the Mannheim canvas, was shown at Hugh Lane's epoch-making exhibition of Irish Art at the Guildhall Art Gallery in June 1904. This also has disappeared.

    Subsequently the matter became more complicated, because by the time of the Mannheim sale, the picture's title had changed and it was now known as The Green Hammock. This was to differentiate it from a second large canvas for which Mary initially posed, and which was titled The Red Hammock. Here the model, ranged to the right of the picture, has discarded her book and holds a scarlet parasol. This too was planned in a series of small oil sketches and the large version completed in 1906 was reworked in the 1920s with Lavery's wife, Hazel, as model and donated to the city of Belfast in 1929. When it fell into disrepair, the painter removed it from the city's collection and painted a new version in the late 1930s, using his then current model, Lillian Millar.

    While the full story of these pictures remains to be told, it is clear that in the years following Whistler's death, Lavery developed a profound interest in colour harmonies - the 'Hammock' confections being essays in green and red. But where the older artist's aestheticism led him back to the lotus land of pale Tanagra maidens, Lavery's sun-speckled series looked to the resonant palette of Impressionism and its exoticism is expressed in the rich tapestry drape on which the model reclines. The remarkable spontaneity of the present sketch conveys something of the grande luxe of Fragonard and Boucher.

    William Webb to whom The Green Hammock was presented, was the solicitor to the International Society of Sculptors and Gravers (see lot 181). Lavery served as Vice-President of the society under successive figurehead presidents, Whistler and Rodin. As its effective manager, he was often in contact with Webb and their letters reveal a cordial relationship that had by 1910, developed into a close friendship.

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Other paintings by Sir John Lavery:

Portrait of Lady Lavery as Kathleen Ni Houlihan
Portrait of Lady Lavery as Kathleen Ni Houlihan
Spring
Spring
Portrait of Mrs. James V. Rank
Portrait of Mrs. James V. Rank
The Madonna of the Lakes (Center Panel)
The Madonna of the Lakes (Center Panel)
Sir John LaveryLavery was born in North Queen Street, Belfast, the son of a wine and spirit merchant, but was orphaned at the age of three and for a number of unsettled years wandered between Moira, Magheralin, Saltcoats, Ayrshire and Glasgow. Finally he got a job touching up photographic negatives in Glasgow and attended evening classes at the Haldane Academy of Art there. When a studio he had set up on his own was burned down he used the insurance money to study further in London and Paris (at the Académie Julian). An early work of his was actually hung next to Manet's Bar at the Folies Bergère at the 1882 salon.

He painted at the village of Grès-sur-Loing before returning to Scotland with Alexander Roche. They, and some fellow artists, achieved success as the so-called "Glasgow boys," but Lavery soon moved on to London where he became a fashionable portrait painter with a studio at 5, Cromwell Place and a house in Tangier. He painted everyone from Winston Churchill to John McCormack, and was also commissioned to record the key events of the Irish Civil War; his wife - the American socialite beauty Hazeel Martyn, whose portrait was later used on Irish banknotes - was passionately committed to the Irish cause and had a relationship with Michael Collins. Honours were showered on Lavery, culminating in a knighthood in 1918.

On the occasion of its opening he donated 35 of his paintings to the Belfast- now Ulster - Museum; they include the well-known Bridge at Grès. A triptych of his, The Madonna Of The Lakes (using his wife and step-daughter as models), is in St Patrick's R.C. Church, Donegall Street (where he himself had been baptised). His widow presented a further collection of his works to the Hugh Lane Gallery in Dublin.

He died in 1941, having published an autobiography "Life Of A Painter" the previous year..