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  • Albert Bierstadt
    Jan 7, 1830 - Feb 18, 1902
  • Seal Rocks off Pacific Coast, California - Albert Bierstadt was a German-American painter best known for his lavish, sweeping landscapes of the American West. To paint the scenes, Bierstadt joined several journeys of the Westward Expansion. Though not the first artist to record these sites, Bierstadt was the foremost painter of these scenes for the remainder of the 19th century.
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Seal Rocks off Pacific Coast, California
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  • Seal Rocks off Pacific Coast, California

  • Albert Bierstadt
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  • circa 1872
    Oil on paper, mounted on board
    Private collection.



    During his travels in the West, Albert Bierstadt spent much of his time exploring the diverse topography of California. As in many of the artist's best works, in the present painting, Seal Rock, California, Bierstadt chose to paint a landscape without a hint of the presence of man: it was the untouched, primeval landscape that interested him most of all. Here, he has brilliantly captured the rugged northern California coast with crystalline light and air against the turbulent surf, embodying the naturalistic scene of California splendor.

    Bierstadt and his wife Rosalie arrived in San Francisco in July of 1871 aboard the recently completed transcontinental railroad. This journey was a far cry from the artist's earlier and much lengthier expeditions to the West via wagon trail beginning in 1859. The San Francisco to which the Bierstadts now arrived had been transformed from a prospecting settlement into the most cosmopolitan city on the West Coast, and the couple's stay in California would stretch over the course of two years.

    Between 1871 and 1873 Bierstadt traveled throughout California, sketching and painting the unique vistas of the Pacific coast, including the Sierra Nevada mountains and Yosemite Valley. It was during this tour that he sketched the rocky coast below the historic Cliff House, located at the northwest corner of San Francisco. Built in 1863, this dramatic cliff-side structure became a landmark destination where travelers could stop to dine and gaze with wonder as multitudes of sea lions sunned themselves on the now-famous Seal Rocks, just off the shore below the cliffs. The artist must have been amused by the playful seals and sea lions and awe-struck by the remarkable outcroppings of rocky formations that defined the splendid coastal setting.

    Bierstadt's synthesis of the broadly monumental and the finely detailed, places his work among the most successful expressions of nature. This expression, through Bierstadt's attention to detail and evocation of light, harmoniously brings together the spiritual and natural world. Like no artist before him, Bierstadt established himself as the pre-eminent painter with both the technique and the talent to convey the powerful visual impact of the Western landscape, to capture the mammoth scale of the open spaces, and to begin to interpret this new American landscape in a manner equal to its majesty. In summarizing Bierstadt's achievement, Gordon Hendricks wrote that "his successes envelop us with the beauty of nature, its sunlight, its greenness, its mists, its subtle shades, its marvelous freshness. All of these Bierstadt felt deeply. Often he was able, with the struggle that every artist knows, to put his feelings on canvas. When he succeeded in what he was trying to do--to pass along some of this own passion for the wildness and beauty of the new West--he was as good as any landscapist in the history of American art." (Albert Bierstadt: Painter of the American West, New York, 1973, p. 10)

    Capturing in marvelous detail the magnificent light and awe-inspiring power of nature, as well as the damp, misty air and rugged shore so characteristic of the San Francisco coast, Bierstadt's depictions of Seal Rocks, as seen in the present example, are among the artist's most famous and beloved West Coast subjects.

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Other paintings by Albert Bierstadt:

Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast
Puget Sound on the Pacific Coast
Rocky Mountain Waterfall
Rocky Mountain Waterfall
Sunset over the River
Sunset over the River
The Matterhorn
The Matterhorn
Albert BierstadtAlbert Bierstadt was one finest artist to portray the grandeur of the Rocky Mountains. The paintings by Albert Bierstadt were often oversized, highly colorful and portrayed the immense distances and scale of the American West. His use of vivid colors and inspiring scenery have made Albert Bierstadt one of the most popular artists of the American West and made him the most popular artist of the 1870's.

Albert Bierstadt was born near Dusseldorf in 1830. His family moved to Massachusetts two years later. Despite prodding from his family to not become an artist, Albert Bierstadt persisted and produced his first oil painting at the age of 21.

In 1853, Albert Bierstadt returned to Dusseldorf in Germany for three years, where he studied art intensely. Traveling widely over Europe, Albert Bierstadt produced sketches and drawings of the Alps. By the time he returned to the United States in 1857, Albert Bierstadt had gained a tremendous amount of experience in landscape paintings, sketches and drawings.

He made his first trip west in 1859, accompanying a government expedition led by Frederic Lander. The purpose of the expedition, which was to travel all the way to California, was to improve the mountain passes of the trails. The expedition followed the Oregon Trail, providing Albert Bierstadt with first hand knowledge of the events that played out along this historic and scenic trail. He met many emigrants returning east who were unable to find their riches in the Colorado gold strikes, and met others who joined their party on their trek west. His observations of the overland migration became some of the most fruitful sources of ideas for future artwork by Albert Bierstadt.

As the expedition reached the mountains, Albert Bierstadt became much taken in with their beauty. He was also intrigued by the Indians, and unlike most other Americans during that time period, did not consider them ruthless savages. Despite his upbringing in the east, he found he also enjoyed camp life. The wide variety of wildlife he encountered, along with the beautiful scenery and historic events that were unfolding, would be of invaluable importance for his future paintings.

Following this trip, Albert Bierstadt returned east and began to produce some of his most spectacular paintings. Believing that the beauty of the Rocky Mountains could not be captured on a small oil paint, he paintings were produced on large, often over-sized, canvasses. His beautiful and famous print, The Rocky Mountains, was on a canvas measuring over sixty square feet.

The paintings by Albert Bierstadt became very popular with the American public. Their large size, their beautiful use of colors as well as attention to details in the foreground all combined to make the paintings by Albert Bierstadt highly prized.

In 1863, Albert Bierstadt once again ventured westward, this time beyond the Sierra Nevada. Later in the 1860's, Albert Bierstadt returned to Colorado and spent several years painting the beautiful mountains and landscapes that are found there. In fact, he became so well liked in Colorado and his prints so well known that they named a mountain after him - Mount Bierstadt - which stands along the Front Range near Mount Evans. A beautiful alpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park was also named after him.

The 1870's saw the height of popularity for Albert Bierstadt. His works were highly sought after and graced many a wall in museums in both the United States and around the world. He also created two historical paintings for the US Capitol Building.

The popularity of Albert Bierstadt among the art crowd began to wane in the 1890's, although his prints will still highly prized. Albert Bierstadt died in 1902.