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  • Walter Ufer
    Jul 22, 1876 - Aug 02, 1936
  • The Watcher - Walter Ufer was an American artist based in Taos, New Mexico. His most notable work focuses on scenes of Native American life, particularly of the Pueblo Indians. Walter Ufer is known for Social realist landscape, figure, portrait and Indian genre painting.
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The Watcher
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  • Walter Ufer
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  • Oil on canvas
    30 x 36 in. (76.2 x 91.4 cm.)

    Like his colleagues, Walter Ufer was greatly influenced by the expressive light which turned the Southwestern landscape into chromatic visual episodes, but he was equally absorbed by the character and personalities of its American Indian inhabitants. Ufer was determined to portray the American Indian not as remote aboriginal figures acting out arcane and picturesque rituals, but most directly as men and women at a cultural crossroads, pressured by the forces of modern American civilization yet excluded from its opportunities. He saw them searching for meaning in rituals that were an amalgam of ancient tribal rites and the Catholicism imported by Spanish conquerors in the sixteenth century. Ufer joined the American Indians in their active protests and participated in strikes and other social actions, seeking to improve their conditions under which they struggled.

    Ufer's daily involvement with his subjects lent an authenticity and immediacy to the figures and landscape he so revered. The longer he spent in Taos, the freer his line and more experimental his palette and brushwork became, as clearly displayed in The Watcher. Ufer's pointillist technique in the expansive sky and passing clouds reinforce the hot glistening sun angled directly overhead, casting the main figure in shadow and the rest of the landscape in a warm noonday heat. "Ufer's treatment of landscape continued to gain in sophistication and power. His eye, conditioned in part by Munich Jugendstil, and by his background as an illustrator during the great era of poster art, became more sensitive to the sinuous line in natural forms of arroyo, sage, cloud, and mountain, which were treated in a semi-abstract fashion and related to each other and to man-made forms of adobe and costume in decorative pattern. At the same time he continued to explore the rich coloristic effects of the intense New Mexico sunlight, using a general impressionist strategy...His surfaces, even when dark in tone, seemed to be permeated with light and strong color. Ufer was thus able to unite figure to landscape by a free and pervasive play of light as well as by a congruence of form and line, and create, when most successful, a visual unity of earth and sky, and human, vegetal and geological forms. Ufer's application of paint became heavier, his handling of it more confident, and his brushwork increasingly animated and expressive." (S.L. Good in Pioneer Artists of Taos, Denver, Colorado, 1983, p. 155)

    As art critic Rose V.S. Berry noted in a 1923 commentary on Ufer's one-man show at the Corcoran Gallery: "In Ufer's pictures which pertain to the pictorial aspect of the land around him, he has a masterly rendition. Any artist finds it difficult in New Mexico to paint a picture and to forget or ignore the intimate relation of the sky and the land. Their joint association there as subject matter is so different from elsewhere--they are so completely all of it...So these two, the land and the sky, are thoroughly wedded and share alike the interest of the painter and the laymen who are on the ground. Ufer renders them with an impartial power in his translation. The sky he makes attractive with form and color, but he never leaves it the sole attraction. The land he makes a fit mate for his patterned sky, so strongly presented that the interest is united, and the land and the sky make a perfect whole. The mountains, as Ufer stacks them up into masses of crevassed heights, are solid, massive, and sculpturesque. One feels the thought of Cézanne, without being forced to think of him; in fact, in all of Ufer's work the modern note predominates, but with a personal adaptation which makes it his own and convinces the observer that Ufer will always be a modern, and an interesting one...There is nothing trite; there is almost nothing that is gentle, it is more frequently a feeling of power suppressed than gentleness revealed" ("Walter Ufer in a One-Man Show," The American Magazine of Art, XIII, No. 12, December 1922, pp. 509-10)

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Other paintings by Walter Ufer:

The Southwest
The Southwest
The Washerwoman
The Washerwoman
The Water Women
The Water Women
The White Pack
The White Pack
Walter UferWalter Ufer was born in Huckeswagen, Germany. At the age of four, Ufer moved with his family to Louisville, Kentucky, where he grew up. His father was a master gunsmith noted for his fine engraving work. Though Ufer's formal education did not extend beyond grammar school, his promising artistic talent led his father to apprentice him to a commercial lithographer. At age seventeen, Ufer followed his mentor to Germany, working as a journeyman printer and engraver. He soon decided to pursue a career as a painter and enrolled in the Royal Applied Art School and the Royal Academy, both in Dresden.

By 1899 Ufer had returned to the United States to settle in Chicago. He continued his studies at the Art Institute while supporting himself as a commercial lithographer and engraver. In 1911 he married a Danish-born artist, Mary Fredericksen. The couple returned to Europe for two years, traveling extensively and studying with Walter Thor in Munich.

After returning to Chicago in 1914, Ufer, along with fellow artist Victor Higgins, was commissioned by art patron Carter Harrison to paint at Taos. Both men were captivated by the little village and decided to stay. They were invited to join the Taos Society of Artists and became full members in 1917. Though the Ufers travelled extensively, Taos was their home until Ufer's untimely death in 1936.

By all accounts, Ufer was a colorful personality. He was a generous, outspoken man with a sensitive social conscience. During the flu epidemic of 1919, he worked day and night alongside the town's only doctor, ministering to the sick.

Ufer was the first New Mexico artist to win a prize at the Carnegie International. Included among his other numerous awards are the Chicago Art Institutes's First Logan Prize, the Isidor Gold Medal, the Pennsylvania Academy's Temple Gold Medal and the National Academy of Design's Altman Prize, which he won twice. Ufer's brilliant, boldly painted compositions are distinctive images of the Taos Indian surrounded by the magnificent landscape of the region.