JEUNES FEMMES AU JARDIN
1918
Oil on canvas
36 3/8 x 40 7/8 in.
Jeunes femmes au jardin is part of a series of large decorative compositions that Pierre Bonnard completed between 1900 and 1920. Like the Impressionists, the artist presents an image of countryside leisure, most likely a gathering of family members at “Le Clos,” his family’s vacation home in Le Grand-Lemps. The site was where Bonnard, as a child, indulged in his favorite past time of drawing, and it would become the inspiration and setting for many of Bonnard’s best works.
Bonnard’s success is derived from a distinctive combination of Realism, Symbolism and Classicism, not to mention the sensitivity to lighting effects and coloration that characterized his style. Bonnard favored nature and leisure as subject matters, yet unlike the Impressionists who championed plein-air painting, Bonnard often created his images from memory. While his compositions are largely dominated by quick, brushy strokes of paint, the delineation of form is at times punctuated by a linear style mastered during the artist’s early years as a graphic artist. As seen in the present work, line, color and form are all dominant elements of the composition, with every last detail expertly crafted to create an atmospheric image of relaxation.
Bonnard’s personal style is ultimately driven by his desire to challenge tradition while perfecting the art of representation. His lifelong struggle between Realism and idealism is discussed by Nicholas Watkins: “Bonnard’s ambivalent attitude to Monet’s Impressionism, reinforced by the contemporary reassertion of traditional values, brought on what amounted to a mid-life crisis around 1913. His crisis was not so much one of what to paint as how to paint it. Feeling that he has not been sacrificing form and composition to color, he took himself, he said, back to school. He told his nephew, Charles Terrasse: ‘I drew ceaselessly. And after drawing comes the composition, which must be balanced. A well-composed painting is half done.’ Bonnard’s crisis brought to a head a conflict which could not be resolved simplistically because it went beyond questions of style to his very vision as a painter. For the emphasis on form in its turn carried with it connotations of materialism, of a world tied down in time and dominated by objects and human beings, whereas Bonnard was essentially a painter of mood and atmosphere. His solution as it emerged was novel and totally idiosyncratic. Instead of equating color in traditional academic terms with emotion and drawing with the mind, he reversed the process, maintaining: ‘Drawing is sensation. Color is reasoning’” (Nicholas Watkins, Bonnard, London, 1994, p. 134).
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